How to interpret laboratory data:CBC (WBCs)

White Blood Cell (Leukocyte) Count WBCs  The total number of WBCs in a given volume of blood. Mature white blood cells exist in many forms, including  - neutrophils - lymphocytes  - monocytes  - eosinophils           - basophils



Decrease
Increase
Normal ranges
CBC item
SI
Conventional

leukopenia 

viral Infection,
Aplastic anemia,
Bone marrow depression
caused by the use of chemotherapy or anticonvulsants.

Leukocytosis

Infection, Leukemia, Trauma,
Thyroid storm, Corticosteroid use.
Emotion, Stress,
Seizures.

When WBC count is greater than 50,000 cells/mm3, false elevations in Hgb and MCH can occur.

3.2-11.3 × 109 cells/L
3,200-11,300 cells/mm3

White Blood Cell (Leukocyte) Count
WBCs

The total number of WBCs in a given volume of blood. Mature white blood cells exist in many forms, including

- neutrophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
-eosinophils           - basophils

 
Neutropenia

viral infections (eg, mononucleosis, hepatitis),
Septicemia, overwhelming infection, chemotherapy
The risk of infection increases dramatically as the ANC decreases.
An ANC
less than 500/mm3 is associated with a substantial risk of infection.

Neutrophilia

Infection, Metabolic disorders
(eg, diabetic ketoacidosis),
Uremia,
Stress, Emotional Burns,
Acute inflammation,
Corticosteroid use
0.36-0.73

0.03-0.05
Segs 36%-73%

Bands 3%-5%

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is the total number of circulating segs
and bands and is calculated from the equation:1
ANC = WBC × [(% segs + % bands)/100]

Neutrophils (Polys, Segs, PMNs)

Fight bacterial and fungal infections by phagocytosis of foreign particles also be involved in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory disorders, for ex, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Bands are immature neutrophils. An increase in bands, often referred to as a
“shift to the left” or “left shift,” may occur during infection or leukemia

Segs=mature neutrophil
Lymphopenia

Acute infections, Burns,
Trauma,
Lupus,
HIV,
Lymphoma.

Lymphocytosis

Hepatitis, Mononucleosis, Chickenpox, Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster,
and other viral infections.
Some bacterial infections (eg, syphilis, brucellosis),
Leukemia, Multiple myeloma

0.20-0.40
20%-40%

Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are the second most common type of circulating WBCs. They are important in the immune response to foreign antigens.
Monocytopenia

is usually
not associated with a specific disease, but may be seen with use of bone marrow
suppressive agents or severe stress.

Monocytosis

May be observed in the recovery phase of some infections, Subacute bacterial endocarditis, Tuberculosis,
Syphilis,
Malaria, Leukemia, Lymphoma.

0.02-0.08
2% - 8%.
Monocytes

Are synthesized in the bone marrow, released into the circulation, and
subsequently migrate into lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lung, and bone marrow.
In these tissues, monocytes mature into macrophages and serve as scavengers
for foreign substances.

Eosinopenia

It is commonly attributed to
an increase in adrenal steroid production
Eosinophilia

allergic disorders,
allergic drug reactions,
collagen vascular disease,
parasitic infections,
immunodeficiency disorders,
some malignancies.
0 - 0.04
0% - 4%.

Eosinophil count must be taken at the same time daily due to diurnal
variation.
Eosinophils

Eosinophils are phagocytic white blood cells that assist in the killing of bacteria
and yeast. They reside predominantly in the intestinal mucosa and lungs.
They are also involved in allergic reactions and in the immune response to parasites.

 Basophilia

may be seen in hypersensitivity reactions to
food or medications, certain leukemias, and polycythemia vera.
0 - .01
0 - 1%.
Basophils

phagocytic white blood cells present in small numbers in the
circulating blood. They contain heparin, histamine, and leukotrienes and are
probably associated with hypersensitivity reactions

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