Compounding Pharmacy: Preparations compounded with Liposome

What is the Liposome?

It is a lipid bilayer (consists of phospholipids identical to cell membrane phospholipids) surrounding an aqueous space.

Liposome types:

A-Unilamellar consisting of phospholipids bilayer enclosing aqueous layer
B-Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) consist of several (up to 14) lipid layers(in an onion-like arrangement) separated from one another by a layer of aqueous solution

Applications

• Release their contents when they reach a specific temperature. 
• Release their contents at a specific pH value.
• Target certain tissues or cell types by changing the types of lipids in the liposome. 
• Target tissues, cell types or specific proteins by attaching antibodies to the surface. 
• Avoid certain tissues or cells by attaching complex sugars to the surface. 
• Evenly distribute fat-soluble (oil-like) compounds such as certain vitamins, antioxidants, antibiotics, flavors, etc. which often can’t be mixed in water-based products including most foods. 
• Fuse with cells, which is important in delivering DNA to a cell. 
• Serve as model cell membranes making it easier to study specific cellular processes and how certain molecules, such as drugs, interact with cells. 
• Protect compounds from acidic and enzymatic degradation in the stomach and intestine by using certain molecules to coat the liposome. 
• Protect compounds such as vitamins and antioxidants from premature oxidation for increased shelf-life. 
• Enhance the intestinal absorption of compounds by coating with certain molecules. 
• Carry drugs across the nasal mucosa (nasal drug delivery). 
• Deliver drugs directly to lung tissue by inhalation of the liposomes. 
• Carry fluorescent dyes or other types of molecules which allow the liposomes to be tracked in the system to which they are added. 

Dermatological uses

Preparation of liposome micro-encapsulated drugs

1-With cream, ointment, and gel
Liposomes added to cream, ointment or gel and mix till complete solubility occur
2- with tablets
a- Decoating of the tablet if it was sugar-coated with phosphate buffer or saline or distilled water to prevent microencapsulation of sugar particles by liposome
b- Grinding of the tablets
c- Add liposome to the tablet and mixing then leave for 3 hr
(incubation period that allows micro-encapsulation of all the active ingredients in liposome)
d- Add cream, ointment or gel
N.B. liposome increase penetration capacity by 20 to 30 fold

Doses

Ointment 5ml/ 10gm
Creams 7ml/ 10gm
Lotions
1- Alcoholic 10ml/100ml
2- aqueous 20 ml/100 ml
3- PEG 20 ml/100 ml
4- PG 25 ml/100 ml

preparations

1-Wound dressing preparation

• Mephincol 2 cap
• Liposome base 10 ml

Uses: After surgery and in 1st degree of burn

2-Preparation for 2nd and 3rd degree of burn

• Mephincol 4 cap
• Verapamil 80 mg 30 tab
• Liposomal base 30 ml

N.B. Verapamil is Ca-channel blocker can inhibit IL6 and increase collagenase enzyme activity so it’s effective topically as an anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic drug.

3-Preparation for 3rd degree of burning

• Collagenase oint. 4 tubes
• Verapamil 80 mg 30 tab
• Liposomal base 30 ml

4-Preparation for Scar and Keloid

• 1st step (Till degradation of fibrous tissue occur)

1. 5-fluro uracil 4 amp
2. Liposome 20 ml

• 2nd step

1. 5-fluro uracil 4 amp
2. Verapamil 80 mg 20 tab
3. Liposome 20 ml

5- Preparation for ulcer

• Dinitra 5 mg 5 tab
• Metronidazole 250 mg 4 tab
• Lignocaine 1 tube (if needed)
• Liposome 30 ml

uses

1. Bed Sores
2. Lepromatous ulcer
3. Diabetic foot

6- Preparation for anal fissures

• Glycerin.T.N 0.2 %
• Liposome base 20 ml
• Lignocaine 1 tube

7-Preparation for Acne

(A)

• Salicylic. a 4 gm (keratolytic)
• Sulfur 6 gm (keratolytic with antibacterial)
• Resorcinol 4 gm (antibacterial and antifungal)
• Zinc oxide 12 gm
• Calamine 8 gm
• Glycerin 30 ml
• Alcohol 70% 35 ml
• Liposome base 35 ml

(B) 

• Benzoyl peroxide 5%
• Mephenicol 4 cap
• Liposome base 20 ml

Uses

1- Used for Cystic Acne

2- Benzoyl peroxide has a dual action

• ↑ turnover of epithelial cells
• Decompose → oxygen → killing of Propionibacterium acne

8-Preparation for fungal infection T.versicolor

A) 

• Clotrimazol.oint 20 gm
• Liposome base 10 ml

B) 

• Ciclopirox 1 %(batrafin) 3 bottle
• Diprosalic lotion 1 bottle
• Liposome base 15 ml

C) 

• Terbinafine (Lamisil) 20 gm
• Liposome base 10ml

9-Preparation for diffuse Alopecia

Minoxidil powder 2%
Liposome base 30 ml

(10)Preparation for Skin aging

A) Male

• Testosterone (Sustanon) 8 amp
• Phenytoin 100 mg 5%
• Eudyna oint 10 gm
• Liposome base 25 ml

B) Female

• Estrogen (Ovestin) 20 Tab
• Phenytoin 100 mg 10 cap
• Eudyna oint 10 gm
• Liposome base 25 ml