How to interpret laboratory data:CBC (WBCs)

Decrease	Increase	Normal ranges		CBC item
		SI	Conventional
leukopenia  viral Infection, Aplastic anemia, Bone marrow depression caused by the use of chemotherapy or anticonvulsants.	Leukocytosis Infection, Leukemia, Trauma, Thyroid storm, Corticosteroid use. Emotion, Stress, Seizures. When WBC count is greater than 50,000 cells/mm3, false elevations in Hgb and MCH can occur.	3.2-11.3 × 109 cells/L	3,200-11,300 cells/mm3	White Blood Cell (Leukocyte) Count WBCs The total number of WBCs in a given volume of blood. Mature white blood cells exist in many forms, including - neutrophils - lymphocytes - monocytes -eosinophils           - basophils
Neutropenia viral infections (eg, mononucleosis, hepatitis), Septicemia, overwhelming infection, chemotherapy The risk of infection increases dramatically as the ANC decreases. An ANC less than 500/mm3 is associated with a substantial risk of infection.	Neutrophilia Infection, Metabolic disorders (eg, diabetic ketoacidosis), Uremia, Stress, Emotional Burns, Acute inflammation, Corticosteroid use	0.36-0.73 0.03-0.05	Segs 36%-73% Bands 3%-5% Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is the total number of circulating segs and bands and is calculated from the equation:1 ANC = WBC × [(% segs + % bands)/100]	Neutrophils (Polys, Segs, PMNs) Fight bacterial and fungal infections by phagocytosis of foreign particles also be involved in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory disorders, for ex, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Bands are immature neutrophils. An increase in bands, often referred to as a “shift to the left” or “left shift,” may occur during infection or leukemia Segs=mature neutrophil
Lymphopenia Acute infections, Burns, Trauma, Lupus, HIV, Lymphoma.	Lymphocytosis Hepatitis, Mononucleosis, Chickenpox, Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster, and other viral infections. Some bacterial infections (eg, syphilis, brucellosis), Leukemia, Multiple myeloma	0.20-0.40	20%-40%	Lymphocytes Lymphocytes are the second most common type of circulating WBCs. They are important in the immune response to foreign antigens.
Monocytopenia is usually not associated with a specific disease, but may be seen with use of bone marrow suppressive agents or severe stress.	Monocytosis May be observed in the recovery phase of some infections, Subacute bacterial endocarditis, Tuberculosis, Syphilis, Malaria, Leukemia, Lymphoma.	0.02-0.08	2% - 8%.	Monocytes Are synthesized in the bone marrow, released into the circulation, and subsequently migrate into lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lung, and bone marrow. In these tissues, monocytes mature into macrophages and serve as scavengers for foreign substances.
Eosinopenia It is commonly attributed to an increase in adrenal steroid production	Eosinophilia allergic disorders, allergic drug reactions, collagen vascular disease, parasitic infections, immunodeficiency disorders, some malignancies.	0 - 0.04	0% - 4%. Eosinophil count must be taken at the same time daily due to diurnal variation.	Eosinophils Eosinophils are phagocytic white blood cells that assist in the killing of bacteria and yeast. They reside predominantly in the intestinal mucosa and lungs. They are also involved in allergic reactions and in the immune response to parasites.
	Basophilia may be seen in hypersensitivity reactions to food or medications, certain leukemias, and polycythemia vera.	0 - .01	0 - 1%.	Basophils phagocytic white blood cells present in small numbers in the circulating blood. They contain heparin, histamine, and leukotrienes and are probably associated with hypersensitivity reactions